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Theis not a musical instrument as such but a warning device used to inform locals that strangers were in the vicinity of a fortified village[pa]although it can be used to create different sounds. The pupakapaka is made by joining a wooden mouthpeice to a conch shell by cutting part of the shell thus creating a hole and then fitting a wooden mouthpeice over the hole.This is then fixed and secured by binding the two parts together with rope and sealing any escaping air. While most of these had short mouthpeices and were called putatara i have been informed that the longer mouthpeices were called either Pupakapaka or Puwharauroa. The sounds created by this instrument are those of the sea like whales etc.